Supersolvable hyperplane arrangements and matroids are known to give rise to certain Koszul algebras, namely their Orlik–Solomon algebras and graded Varchenko–Gel’fand algebras. We explore how this interacts with group actions, particularly for the braid arrangement and the action of the symmetric group, where the Hilbert functions of the algebras and their Koszul duals are given by Stirling numbers of the first and second kinds, respectively. The corresponding symmetric group representations exhibit branching rules that interpret Stirling number recurrences, which are shown to apply to all supersolvable arrangements. They also enjoy representation stability properties that follow from Koszul duality.
Revised:
Accepted:
Published online:
Keywords: Stirling number, Koszul algebra, Orlik–Solomon, Varchenko–Gelfand, quadratic algebra, Groebner basis, branching, holonomy Lie algebra, Drinfeld–Kohno, infinitesimal braid, chord diagrams
Almousa, Ayah 1; Reiner, Victor 2; Sundaram, Sheila 2

@article{ART_2025__2_2_173_0, author = {Almousa, Ayah and Reiner, Victor and Sundaram, Sheila}, title = {Koszulity, supersolvability and {Stirling} {Representations}}, journal = {Annals of Representation Theory}, pages = {173--247}, publisher = {The Publishers of ART}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, year = {2025}, doi = {10.5802/art.23}, language = {en}, url = {https://art.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/art.23/} }
TY - JOUR AU - Almousa, Ayah AU - Reiner, Victor AU - Sundaram, Sheila TI - Koszulity, supersolvability and Stirling Representations JO - Annals of Representation Theory PY - 2025 SP - 173 EP - 247 VL - 2 IS - 2 PB - The Publishers of ART UR - https://art.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/art.23/ DO - 10.5802/art.23 LA - en ID - ART_2025__2_2_173_0 ER -
%0 Journal Article %A Almousa, Ayah %A Reiner, Victor %A Sundaram, Sheila %T Koszulity, supersolvability and Stirling Representations %J Annals of Representation Theory %D 2025 %P 173-247 %V 2 %N 2 %I The Publishers of ART %U https://art.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/art.23/ %R 10.5802/art.23 %G en %F ART_2025__2_2_173_0
Almousa, Ayah; Reiner, Victor; Sundaram, Sheila. Koszulity, supersolvability and Stirling Representations. Annals of Representation Theory, Volume 2 (2025) no. 2, pp. 173-247. doi : 10.5802/art.23. https://art.centre-mersenne.org/articles/10.5802/art.23/
[1] An introduction to Gröbner bases, Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 3, American Mathematical Society, 1994 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[2] Schur functors and Schur complexes, Adv. Math., Volume 44 (1982) no. 3, pp. 207-278 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[3] Stirling Representations, 2024 (version 1.0, BSD-3-Clause licence, https://github.com/aalmousa/StirlingRepresentations.git)
[4] Gotzmann theorems for exterior algebras and combinatorics, J. Algebra, Volume 191 (1997) no. 1, pp. 174-211 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[5] The cohomology ring of the group of dyed braids, Mat. Zametki, Volume 5 (1969), pp. 227-231 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[6] Infinite free resolutions, Six lectures on commutative algebra (Modern Birkhäuser Classics), Birkhäuser, 2010, pp. 1-118 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[7] Low degrees in a Gröbner basis may force the Koszul property, 2024 (https://staff.math.su.se/joeb/papers/list.shtml)
[8] A -analogue for the Stirling numbers of the second kind of Coxeter groups of type , PU.M.A., Pure Math. Appl., Volume 30 (2022) no. 1, pp. 8-16 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[9] Nombres de Betti d’une singularité de Segre–Veronese, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. A, Volume 288 (1979) no. 4, p. A237-A239 | MR | Zbl
[10] Betti numbers of Segre–Veronese singularities, Rev. Roum. Math. Pures Appl., Volume 26 (1981) no. 4, pp. 549-565 | MR | Zbl
[11] On the action of the symmetric group on the Free Lie Algebra and on the homology and cohomology of the partition lattice, Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, San Diego, USA (1988) (https://www.proquest.com/docview/303690441) | MR
[12] Koszul spaces, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 366 (2014) no. 9, pp. 4551-4569 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[13] Free loop space homology of highly connected manifolds, Forum Math., Volume 29 (2017) no. 1, pp. 201-228 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[14] Hyperplane arrangements with a lattice of regions, Discrete Comput. Geom., Volume 5 (1990) no. 3, pp. 263-288 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[15] et al. The homology and shellability of matroids and geometric lattices, Matroid applications (Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications), Volume 40, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 226-283 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[16] Oriented matroids, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Its Applications, 46, Cambridge University Press, 1999 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[17] Broken circuit complexes: factorizations and generalizations, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B, Volume 51 (1991) no. 1, pp. 96-126 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[18] Gröbner–Shirshov bases and their calculation, Bull. Math. Sci., Volume 4 (2014) no. 3, pp. 325-395 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[19] Eulerian representations for real reflection groups, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2), Volume 105 (2022) no. 1, pp. 412-444 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[20] Unimodal, log-concave and Pólya frequency sequences in combinatorics, Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 413, American Mathematical Society, 1989 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[21] The stability of the Kronecker product of Schur functions, J. Algebra, Volume 331 (2011), pp. 11-27 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[22] Syzygies and walks, Commutative algebra (Trieste, 1992), World Scientific, 1994, pp. 36-57 | MR | Zbl
[23] Classical Hopf algebras and their applications, Algebra and Applications, 29, Springer, 2021 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[24] FI-modules and stability for representations of symmetric groups, Duke Math. J., Volume 164 (2015) no. 9, pp. 1833-1910 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[25] Representation theory and homological stability, Adv. Math., Volume 245 (2013), pp. 250-314 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[26] On loop spaces of configuration spaces, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 354 (2002) no. 5, pp. 1705-1748 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[27] The homology of iterated loop spaces, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 533, Springer, 1976 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[28] A commutative algebra for oriented matroids, Discrete Comput. Geom., Volume 27 (2002), pp. 73-84 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[29] Ideals, varieties, and algorithms. An introduction to computational algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, 2015 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[30] The cohomology rings of complements of subspace arrangements, Math. Ann., Volume 319 (2001) no. 4, pp. 625-646 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[31] On the homotopy Lie algebra of an arrangement, Mich. Math. J., Volume 54 (2006) no. 2, pp. 319-340 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[32] Hyperplane arrangements. An introduction, Universitext, Springer, 2017 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[33] Lectures on Orlik–Solomon algebras, Arrangements, local systems and singularities (Progress in Mathematics), Volume 283, Birkhäuser, 2010, pp. 83-110 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[34] The Varchenko–Gel’fand ring of a cone, J. Algebra, Volume 617 (2023), pp. 500-521 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[35] Equivariant cohomology and conditional oriented matroids (2022) | arXiv
[36] A class of geometric lattices based on finite groups, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B, Volume 14 (1973), pp. 61-86 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[37] Commutative algebra, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 150, Springer, 1995 (With a view toward algebraic geometry) | DOI | MR | Zbl
[38] Hyperplane arrangement cohomology and monomials in the exterior algebra, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 355 (2003) no. 11, pp. 4365-4383 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[39] Initial ideals, Veronese subrings, and rates of algebras, Adv. Math., Volume 109 (1994) no. 2, pp. 168-187 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[40] Canonical resolutions over Koszul algebras, Women in commutative algebra (Association for Women in Mathematics Series), Volume 29, Springer, 2022, pp. 281-301 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[41] The lower central series of a fiber-type arrangement, Invent. Math., Volume 82 (1985) no. 1, pp. 77-88 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[42] Rational homotopy theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 205, Springer, 2001 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[43] Homotopy of operads and Grothendieck–Teichmüller groups. Part 1, Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, 217, American Mathematical Society, 2017 (The algebraic theory and its topological background) | DOI | MR | Zbl
[44] Determination of a class of Poincaré series, Math. Scand., Volume 37 (1975) no. 1, pp. 29-39 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[45] Koszul algebras, Advances in commutative ring theory (Fez, 1997) (Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics), Volume 205, Marcel Dekker, 1999, pp. 337-350 | MR | Zbl
[46] Representations of the hyperoctahedral groups, J. Algebra, Volume 53 (1978) no. 1, pp. 1-20 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[47] Homology of local rings, Queen’s Papers in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 20, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, 1969 | MR | Zbl
[48] Representation stability for cohomology of configuration spaces in , Int. Math. Res. Not., Volume 2017 (2017) no. 5, pp. 1433-1486 (With an appendix written jointly with Steven Sam) | DOI | MR | Zbl
[49] Supersolvable reflection arrangements, Proc. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 142 (2014) no. 11, pp. 3787-3799 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[50] Minimal resolutions via algebraic discrete Morse theory, Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 923, American Mathematical Society, 2009 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[51] Koszulity of dual braid monoid algebras via cluster complexes (2021) | arXiv
[52] Lie elements in a tensor algebra, Sib. Mat. Zh., Volume 15 (1974), pp. 1296-1304 | MR | Zbl
[53] On the holonomy Lie algebra and the nilpotent completion of the fundamental group of the complement of hypersurfaces, Nagoya Math. J., Volume 92 (1983), pp. 21-37 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[54] Série de Poincaré–Koszul associée aux groupes de tresses pures, Invent. Math., Volume 82 (1985) no. 1, pp. 57-75 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[55] On the action of the symmetric group on the cohomology of the complement of its reflecting hyperplanes, J. Algebra, Volume 104 (1986) no. 2, pp. 410-424 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[56] On the subalgebra generated by the one-dimensional elements in the Yoneda Ext-algebra, Algebra, algebraic topology and their interactions (Stockholm, 1983) (Lecture Notes in Mathematics), Volume 1183, Springer, 1986, pp. 291-338 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[57] The holonomy Lie algebra of a matroid (2020) | arXiv
[58] Symmetric functions and Hall polynomials, Oxford Mathematical Monographs, Clarendon Press; Oxford University Press, 1995 (with contributions by A. Zelevinsky, Oxford Science Publications) | DOI | MR | Zbl
[59] Set partitions with circular successions, Eur. J. Comb., Volume 42 (2014), pp. 207-216 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[60] Equivariant log concavity and representation stability (2021) | arXiv
[61] Quadratic duals, Koszul dual functors, and applications, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 361 (2009) no. 3, pp. 1129-1172 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[62] Infinite graded free resolutions, Commutative algebra and noncommutative algebraic geometry. Volume I. Expository articles (Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications), Volume 67, Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 215-257 | Zbl
[63] On the structure of Hopf algebras, Ann. Math. (2), Volume 81 (1965), pp. 211-264 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[64] An introduction to commutative and noncommutative Gröbner bases, Theor. Comput. Sci., Volume 134 (1994) no. 1, pp. 131-173 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[65] Equivariant cohomology and the Varchenko-Gelfand filtration, J. Algebra, Volume 472 (2017), pp. 95-114 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[66] Generic initial ideals and exterior algebraic shifting of the join of simplicial complexes, Ark. Mat., Volume 45 (2007) no. 2, pp. 327-336 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[67] Combinatorics and topology of complements of hyperplanes, Invent. Math., Volume 56 (1980) no. 2, pp. 167-189 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[68] Arrangements of hyperplanes, Grundlehren der Mathematischen Wissenschaften, 300, Springer, 1992 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[69] Matroid theory, Oxford Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 3, Oxford Science Publications; Oxford University Press, 1992 | MR | Zbl
[70] Hyperplane arrangements and linear strands in resolutions, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 355 (2003) no. 2, pp. 609-618 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[71] Quadratic algebras, University Lecture Series, 37, American Mathematical Society, 2005 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[72] Koszul resolutions, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 152 (1970), pp. 39-60 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[73] Representation stability and finite linear groups, Duke Math. J., Volume 166 (2017) no. 13, pp. 2521-2598 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[74] Representations of graded Lie algebras, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 120 (1965), pp. 17-23 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[75] The theory of Lie superalgebras, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 716, Springer, 1979 (An introduction) | DOI | MR | Zbl
[76] Multiplicities of higher Lie characters, J. Aust. Math. Soc., Volume 75 (2003) no. 1, pp. 9-21 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[77] Koszul algebras from graphs and hyperplane arrangements, J. Lond. Math. Soc., Volume 56 (1997) no. 3, pp. 477-490 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[78] Finite unitary reflection groups, Can. J. Math., Volume 6 (1954), pp. 274-304 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[79] Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt theorems, Commutative algebra and noncommutative algebraic geometry. Vol. I (Mathematical Sciences Research Institute Publications), Volume 67, Cambridge University Press, 2015, pp. 259-290 | MR | Zbl
[80] Modular elements of geometric lattices, Algebra Univers., Volume 1 (1971), pp. 214-217 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[81] Supersolvable lattices, Algebra Univers., Volume 2 (1972) no. 1, pp. 197-217 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[82] Invariants of finite groups and their applications to combinatorics, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 1 (1979) no. 3, pp. 475-511 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[83] Enumerative combinatorics. Vol. 2, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 62, Cambridge University Press, 1999 (with a foreword by Gian-Carlo Rota and appendix 1 by Sergey Fomin) | DOI | MR | Zbl
[84] Constructive combinatorics, Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer, 1986 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[85] Gröbner bases in exterior algebra, J. Autom. Reasoning, Volume 6 (1990) no. 3, pp. 233-250 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[86] Formality properties of finitely generated groups and Lie algebras, Forum Math., Volume 31 (2019) no. 4, pp. 867-905 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[87] The homology representations of the symmetric group on Cohen–Macaulay subposets of the partition lattice, Adv. Math., Volume 104 (1994) no. 2, pp. 225-296 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[88] On a curious variant of the -module , Algebr. Comb., Volume 3 (2020) no. 4, pp. 985-1009 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[89] The reflection representation in the homology of subword order, Algebr. Comb., Volume 4 (2021) no. 5, pp. 879-907 | DOI | Numdam | MR | Zbl
[90] Group actions on arrangements of linear subspaces and applications to configuration spaces, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Volume 349 (1997) no. 4, pp. 1389-1420 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[91] Combinatorial and asymptotic methods in algebra, Algebra, VI (Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences), Volume 57, Springer, 1995, pp. 1-196 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[92] Heaviside functions of a configuration of hyperplanes, Funkts. Anal. Prilozh., Volume 21 (1987) no. 4, pp. 1-18 | MR | Zbl
[93] A course in finite group representation theory, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics, 161, Cambridge University Press, 2016 | DOI | MR | Zbl
[94] Orlik–Solomon algebras in algebra and topology, Usp. Mat. Nauk, Volume 56 (2001) no. 2(338), pp. 87-166 | DOI | MR | Zbl
Cited by Sources: